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hemlock tree
Значение термина hemlock tree в knolik
hemlock tree - Hemlock Tree
hemlock tree - (Genus: Tsuga, Carrière. Family: Abietaceac.) F. Sapin-cigue.
The hemlock is familiar by name to most readers of American literature, but the origin of this name is obscure, since it has no connection with the English Hemlock, a poisonous weed of damp places.
The leaf spray of the hemlocks resembles that of the Spruce, but in all species likely to be met with in Britain, the genus is distinguished by a curious feature. The needles are of varying lengths lying in two ranks along the long shoots, the sizes being evenly intermixed, as though the tree had been issued with odd sets of leaves and had done its best to spread them out evenly. Each needle, whatever its length, arises from a small swelling, and has a very short stalk adpressed to the stem. The ends of branches droop, and the leading shoot bends right over - a protection against snow-break. The foliage is frequently dark green; the buds are small and inconspicuous, hidden away in leaf axils. The bark is smooth except on old trees when it becomes fibrous and vertically fissured.
Flowers of both sexes are simple, small, and inconspicuous. - The small brown cones ripen the first year, and are borne, like those of the Douglas, at the tips of branches, but are distinguished by the absence of visible outer bracts. The seeds are small with oval wings, and fall during their first spring; the empty cones persist on the tree. The seedlings are peculiar in having only 3 cotyledons.
The hemlocks occur throughout temperate North America, also in the Orient, and one species is found in the Himalayas. The Japanese name is Kometsuga. The wood of all the species is of value locally, and the bark contains tannin and may be used for dressing leather. Most of the species thrive in England, but only one has been planted on any scale. This is the Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla, Sargent), native of the Pacific coast of North America, where it forms natural forests in the Douglas Fir zones.
Hemlock is raised from seed, usually imported, which is very fine, something like 100,000 grains going to the lb. The seedlings are small and tender, requiring overhead shelter, and must grow for 2 years in the seed beds before they are big enough to be moved. Four-year-old transplants are about 1 foot high and fit for forest use; after the fourth year they grow rapidly. Young plants normally have a bent or drooping leading shoot, which would be regarded as a defect in most other conifers.
Little is so far known about the behaviour of hemlock in British plantations. It is certainly a good shade-bearer useful for under- planting, and it appears to like a fresh soil with plenty of moving moisture. It is unlikely to succeed on acid soils, or on chalk and, until more evidence is available, it may be assumed that its sylvi- cultural needs will resemble those of Norway Spruce. Its root system tends to be deeper, however, making it more wind-firm. Rate of growth, in the open, is rapid; the tree reaches a height of 200 feet in its native home.
The wood of hemlock is pale brown, with a darker heart. It contains little resin and is only moderately durable, but makes a good firewood. In America it is widely used for general constructional work, and in particular for box-making, as it holds nails well; it is also an important source of paper pulp.
It is too early yet to say what position the hemlock will win for itself in British forest practice, but there are probably certain conditions of soil and climate under which it will give a bigger and quicker yield per acre than any other tree. Its value for under- planting is already widely recognised. Hemlock is a beautiful tree in all stages; the dark green foliage is attractive, and the branches always assume graceful drooping curves; on aesthetic grounds alone it is a welcome addition to our forest flora.
Рядом со словом hemlock tree в knolik
| douglas firs | В начало буква "" буквосочетание "" | larch |
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